Voronoi tessellation using geometryEngine.convexHull() and geometryEngine.intersect() to partition the pitch into player territories clipped to pitch bounds.

Native Esri geometryEngine.convexHull() computes the smallest polygon enclosing all player positions with geometryEngine.planarArea() for area measurement.

GPU-accelerated HeatmapRenderer on a FeatureLayer transforms discrete pressure events into a continuous density surface — no manual KDE computation needed.

Native Esri featureReduction clustering groups events by spatial proximity using GPU-accelerated rendering. Replaces custom DBSCAN with Esri's built-in cluster engine.

Directional flow arrows show aggregate passing vectors across pitch zones, revealing tactical tendencies and build-up patterns.